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- June 4, 2026
High – Risk Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology – Avoid Costly Mistakes
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology is an important topic for aspirants who want to understand cancer biology, abnormal cell division, tumour formation, oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, diagnosis, and treatment in a clear and exam-focused way. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants revise how normal cells may lose control over growth and become cancerous due to genetic, environmental, viral, or chemical factors. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology is especially useful for Class 12 board exams, NEET, nursing entrance exams, and other biology-based competitive examinations because cancer is a high-yield topic in human health and disease.
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology becomes easier when aspirants first understand what oncogenes are. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes that arise from normal genes called proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes normally regulate cell growth and division, but when they undergo mutation or abnormal activation, they can become oncogenes. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants understand that cancer begins when the balance between cell division, cell differentiation, and cell death is disturbed. When this regulation fails, cells divide uncontrollably and may form a tumour.
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology also explains the difference between benign and malignant tumours. Benign tumours remain confined to their original location and usually do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumours are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology is important because malignant cells may enter blood or lymph and spread to distant organs. This spread of cancer cells to new locations is called metastasis. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants remember that metastasis is one of the most dangerous features of cancer.
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology includes different types of cancers based on the tissue of origin. Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues, sarcomas arise from connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle, leukemias involve blood-forming tissues, and lymphomas affect lymphoid tissues. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants connect examples such as leukemia with blood cancer, carcinoma with epithelial cancer, and Hodgkin’s disease with lymphoid tissue cancer. Aspirants should also understand that cervical cancer is strongly associated with Human Papilloma Virus, while some retroviruses may be linked with cancer because they can carry or activate proto-oncogenes.
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology also covers causes and risk factors of cancer. Chemical carcinogens, radiation, viruses, smoking, alcohol, pollutants, certain industrial chemicals, and genetic mutations may increase cancer risk. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants remember that aromatic amines are associated with urinary bladder cancer, cadmium exposure may be linked with prostate cancer, and ultraviolet radiation can contribute to skin cancer. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology also explains that cancer cells are different from normal cells because they divide rapidly, avoid normal growth control, and may escape immune surveillance.
Diagnosis and treatment are also important parts of Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology. Cancer diagnosis may involve biopsy, blood tests, imaging techniques, MRI, CT scan, PET scan, and tumour marker studies. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology helps aspirants understand that MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and is used to produce detailed images of internal body structures. Cancer treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology also highlights that radiation therapy uses X-rays or gamma rays to destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells.
For effective preparation, Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology should be revised through short notes, comparison tables, and concept maps. Aspirants can prepare a chart comparing proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, benign tumours, malignant tumours, metastasis, carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias, and lymphomas. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology becomes more manageable when aspirants focus on definitions, examples, causes, diagnosis, and treatment methods. Aspirants should avoid rote learning and instead understand how genetic changes disturb normal cell-cycle control.
Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology:
- Which of the following is not related to chromosomal aberration?
A. Euploidy
B. AIDS
C. Aneuploidy
D. Klinefelter’s syndrome
Answer: B. AIDS
Explanation: AIDS is a viral disease caused by HIV and is not related to chromosomal aberrations. Euploidy, aneuploidy, and Klinefelter’s syndrome are related to chromosomal changes.
- Which of the following is a viral STD disease?
A. AIDS
B. Cholera
C. Syphilis
D. Gonorrhea
Answer: A. AIDS
Explanation: AIDS is a viral sexually transmitted disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV.
- What does AIDS Related Complex, ARC, represent?
A. Severe form of AIDS
B. Initial form of AIDS
C. Single-stranded DNA
D. Double-stranded DNA
Answer: B. Initial form of AIDS
Explanation: AIDS Related Complex, ARC, represents the initial form of AIDS and may include symptoms such as low-grade fever, weight loss, diarrhoea, and recurrent infections.
- Which statement is wrong for AIDS?
A. It is a blood-borne disease
B. It is transmitted chiefly by sexual contact
C. It is caused by HIV
D. Its causal agent belongs to retrovirus group
Answer: A. It is a blood-borne disease
Explanation: As per the given answer key, this is marked wrong. However, medically, HIV can spread through infected blood, unsafe sexual contact, infected needles, and from mother to child.
- What is the key reagent used in ELISA to detect viruses?
A. DNA probe
B. RNAse
C. Alkaline phosphatase
D. Catalase
Answer: C. Alkaline phosphatase
Explanation: Alkaline phosphatase is commonly used as an enzyme label in ELISA for detecting antigens or antibodies.
- When was AIDS first reported in India?
A. 1932
B. 1986
C. 1990
D. 1992
Answer: B. 1986
Explanation: AIDS was first reported in India in 1986.
- What promotes the spread of AIDS?
A. Homosexuality
B. Immoral way of life
C. Use of infected needles in blood transfusion
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: AIDS spreads through unsafe sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusion, sharing infected needles, and from infected mother to child.
- Which statement is correct regarding the AIDS causative agent HIV?
A. HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
B. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
C. HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
D. HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
Answer: B. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
Explanation: HIV is an enveloped retrovirus containing two identical single-stranded RNA molecules and reverse transcriptase enzyme.
- Which statement is not true for retroviruses?
A. Retroviruses carry gene for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B. The genetic material in mature retroviruses is RNA
C. Retroviruses are causative agents for certain kinds of cancer in man
D. DNA is not present at any stage in the life cycle of retroviruses
Answer: D. DNA is not present at any stage in the life cycle of retroviruses
Explanation: Retroviruses produce DNA from RNA using reverse transcriptase. Therefore, DNA is present as an intermediate stage in their life cycle.
- Which statement is incorrect?
A. Pneumonia is a bacterial disease
B. Ringworm is a fungal disease
C. HIV is transmitted by mosquito bite
D. Cancer is a non-infectious disease
Answer: C. HIV is transmitted by mosquito bite
Explanation: HIV is not transmitted by mosquito bite. It spreads through infected blood, unsafe sexual contact, infected needles, and mother-to-child transmission.
- Who received the Nobel Prize in 2008 for the discovery of HIV?
A. Harald zur Hausen
B. Luc Montagnier
C. Jack Szostak
D. Carol Greider
Answer: B. Luc Montagnier
Explanation: Luc Montagnier received the Nobel Prize in 2008 for the discovery of HIV.
- What is metastasis in cancer?
A. Rapid division in cancer cells
B. Spread of cancer cells to new sites
C. Regeneration of cancer cells
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Spread of cancer cells to new sites
Explanation: Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body.
- What is the expanded name of MRI?
A. Medical Research Instrument
B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
C. Magnetic Research Institute
D. Medical Resonance Imaging
Answer: B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Explanation: MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
- Where does carcinoma, a type of cancer, originate from?
A. Blood
B. Connective tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Lymph gland
Answer: C. Epithelial tissue
Explanation: Carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates from epithelial tissue.
- Match the types of tumors with their descriptions.
List-I:
A. Neoplasm
B. Benign tumor
C. Carcinomas
D. Sarcomas
E. Lymphomas
List-II:
- Hematopoietic or lymphoid cell tumor
- Bone, cartilage, or connective tissue cancer
- Malignant tumor
- Cancer of epithelial tissues
- Non-cancerous tumor
- Abnormal growth of tissue
Options:
A. A-6, B-4, C-3, D-2, E-1
B. A-6, B-3, C-4, D-2, E-1
C. A-3, B-5, C-4, D-2, E-1
D. A-3, B-5, C-4, D-2, E-3
Answer: C. A-3, B-5, C-4, D-2, E-1
Explanation: Neoplasm is a malignant tumor, benign tumor is non-cancerous, carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues, sarcomas arise from bone or connective tissues, and lymphomas are tumors of lymphoid or hematopoietic cells.
- What is the treatment of cancer with X-rays or gamma rays called?
A. Surgery
B. Chemotherapy
C. Hormone therapy
D. Radiation therapy
Answer: D. Radiation therapy
Explanation: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or gamma rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Why are cancer cells more easily damaged by radiation than normal cells?
A. Starved of mutation
B. Undergoing rapid division
C. Different in structure
D. Non-dividing
Answer: B. Undergoing rapid division
Explanation: Cancer cells divide rapidly, making them more sensitive to radiation damage than most normal cells.
- Which of the following is used to treat cancers?
A. Albumin
B. Cyclosporin A
C. Antibodies
D. Growth hormone
Answer: C. Antibodies
Explanation: Monoclonal antibodies and interferons are used in cancer treatment.
- Who discovered cancer-causing genes, oncogenes?
A. Watson and Crick
B. Beadle and Tatum
C. Bishop and Varmus
D. Temin and Baltimore
Answer: C. Bishop and Varmus
Explanation: Cancer-causing genes, called oncogenes, were discovered by Bishop and Varmus.
- Which type of tumor remains confined to its original location and does not spread to other parts of the body?
A. Malignant tumor
B. Metastasis
C. Benign tumor
D. Cancer
Answer: C. Benign tumor
Explanation: A benign tumor remains confined to its original location and does not spread to distant body parts.
- Which medical imaging technique is based on magnetic resonance?
A. EEG
B. CT scanning
C. NMR scanning
D. PET scanning
Answer: C. NMR scanning
Explanation: NMR scanning is based on nuclear magnetic resonance and is used in medical imaging.
- Which of the following causes prostate cancer?
A. Chromium
B. Cadmium oxide
C. Vinyl chloride
D. Aflatoxins
Answer: B. Cadmium oxide
Explanation: Cadmium oxide is considered a carcinogenic factor associated with prostate cancer.
- What is blood cancer known as?
A. Leukemia
B. Thrombosis
C. Haemolysis
D. Haemophilia
Answer: A. Leukemia
Explanation: Blood cancer is known as leukemia. It is characterized by abnormal increase of white blood cells.
- What is the main cause of cervical cancer?
A. Chlamydia sp.
B. Human papilloma virus
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Answer: B. Human papilloma virus
Explanation: Long-lasting infection with certain types of Human Papilloma Virus, HPV, is the main cause of cervical cancer.
- Which type of cancer is caused by aromatic amines used in the manufacture of synthetic dyes?
A. Skin
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Urinary bladder
Answer: D. Urinary bladder
Explanation: Aromatic amines used in synthetic dye industries are associated with increased risk of urinary bladder cancer.
- What pathogenic activity does interferon suppress?
A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Protozoa
D. All of these
Answer: A. Viruses
Explanation: Interferons are proteins produced by virus-infected cells. They suppress viral multiplication and protect neighbouring cells.
- What is Hodgkin’s disease?
A. Cancer of the lymphoid tissue
B. Cancer of the mammary gland
C. Cancer of the WBC
D. Cancer of the liver
Answer: A. Cancer of the lymphoid tissue
Explanation: Hodgkin’s disease, or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is a cancer of the lymphatic or lymphoid tissue.
- Where is the recently discovered anti-cancer drug obtained from?
A. Taxus
B. Tagetes
C. Tamarix
D. Thea
Answer: A. Taxus
Explanation: Taxol, an anti-cancer drug used especially in breast cancer treatment, is obtained from Taxus.
- The most commonly used marker enzyme in clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer is
A. Amylase
B. Alkaline phosphatase
C. γ-GTPase
D. Acid phosphatase
Answer: D. Acid phosphatase
Explanation: Prostatic acid phosphatase is a marker enzyme associated with prostate cancer diagnosis.
- In humans, retrovirus is considered as a cause of cancer because
A. In their genome oncogene is present
B. Their hereditary material is made up of single-stranded RNA
C. They have a gene for reverse transcriptase
D. In their genome there may be cellular proto-oncogene
Answer: D. In their genome there may be cellular proto-oncogene
Explanation: Retroviruses may carry cellular proto-oncogenes in their genome and can contribute to cancer development.
Conclusion on Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology
In conclusion, Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology is a valuable topic for aspirants who want to master cancer-related concepts in a simple and organised way. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology improves understanding of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, tumours, metastasis, carcinogens, viral causes, imaging techniques, and cancer treatment. Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology also helps aspirants connect textbook knowledge with real-life health awareness. With consistent revision, Oncogenes and Cancer MCQs for Class 12 Biology can help aspirants answer cancer-based biology questions with better accuracy, speed, and confidence.