The Hardy Schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry is an essential concept in the study of colloidal chemistry.Hardy schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry, it explains how the coagulation of colloidal particles occurs when electrolytes are added to colloidal solutions. This rule is extremely important for understanding the behavior of colloids in various types of solutions, including their stabilization and coagulation properties.

The Hardy Schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry states that the effectiveness of an electrolyte in coagulating a colloidal solution depends on the valency of the ions. The higher the charge of the ion, the greater its ability to coagulate the colloid. According to this rule, divalent ions (e.g., Ca²⁺) are more effective in coagulating a colloidal solution compared to monovalent ions (e.g., Na⁺). The hardy schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry basic principle lies in the fact that ions with higher charge density can neutralize the colloidal charge more effectively, leading to the aggregation or coagulation of the particles.

Hardy Schulze Rule MCQs Class 12 Chemistry in Coagulation

The effectiveness of electrolytes to coagulate a colloidal solution can be explained by their charge and charge density. According to the Hardy Schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry, the ions with higher charge densities are more effective in neutralizing the charge of colloidal particles. For example, Ba²⁺ is more effective than Na⁺ in coagulating negatively charged sols. This is because Ba²⁺ has a higher charge and can neutralize the negative charge of the colloid more effectively, leading to a more efficient coagulation process.

In hardy schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry, the rule also shows that an electrolyte’s ability to coagulate depends not just on its concentration but also on the type of ions present. For example, Na⁺ ions have a low charge density and hence, they are not very effective at coagulation, whereas ions like  Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ are highly effective because of their higher charge and smaller ionic size. These principles form the conceptual base of Hardy Schulze Rule MCQs Class 12 Chemistry, making hardy schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry an essential topic for NEET, JEE and CUET preparation.

Applications of Hardy-Schulze Rule MCQs Class 12 Chemistry

The Hardy Schulze rule mcqs class 12 chemistry has broad applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. In the water treatment industry, the rule is applied when using electrolytes to remove impurities from water by coagulating colloidal particles. In biological systems, the rule is also important for understanding how substances like protein solutions or blood cells interact in different ionic environments. For instance, it explains how electrolytes can be used in blood clotting and other biological processes.

In the food industry, the rule is utilized to stabilize emulsions and foams by controlling the ions in the medium. It also plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical formulations where colloidal dispersions are used to improve the bioavailability of drugs.

Hardy Schulze Rule MCQs Class 12 Chemistry

1. The formation of association of colloidal particles by addition of electrolyte to form an insoluble precipitate is called:

   • a) Flocculation

   • b) Emulsification

   • c) Coagulation

   • d) Micelle

   • Answer: c) Coagulation

2. Bleeding due to a cut can be stopped by applying ferric chloride solution in the laboratory. This is due to:

   • a) Coagulation of negatively charged blood particles by Fe³⁺ ions

   • b) Coagulation of positively charged blood particles by Cl⁻ ions

   • c) Reaction taking place between ferric ions and the hemoglobin forming a complex.

   • d) Common element, iron, in both FeCl₃ and hemoglobin.

   • Answer: a) Coagulation of negatively charged blood particles by Fe³⁺ ions

3. Which of the following electrolytes will have maximum coagulating value for AgI/Ag⁺ sol?

   • a) Na₃PO₄

   • b) Na₂SO₄

   • c) NaCl

   • d) Na₂S

   • Answer: a) Na₃PO₄

4. On which of the following properties does the coagulating power of an ion depend?

   • a) The magnitude of the charge on the ion alone

   • b) Size of the ion alone

   • c) Both magnitude and sign of the charge on the ion

   • d) The sign of charge on the ion alone

   • Answer: c) Both magnitude and sign of the charge on the ion

5. Ferric chloride is used to stop bleeding in cuts because:

   • a) Fe³⁺ coagulated blood which is positively charged solution

   • b) Fe³⁺ coagulated blood which is negatively charged solution

   • c) Cl⁻ coagulated blood which is positively charged solution

   • d) Cl⁻ coagulated blood which is negatively charged solution

   • Answer: b) Fe³⁺ coagulated blood which is negatively charged solution

6. The process which is responsible for the formation of delta at a place where rivers meet the sea is:

   • a) Coagulation

   • b) Peptisation

   • c) Colloid formation

   • d) Emulsification

   • Answer: a) Coagulation

7. The coagulation values in millimoles per litre of the electrolytes used for the coagulation of As₂S₃ are given below:

   • I. NaCl = 52

   • II. BaCl₂ = 0.69

   • III. MgSO₄ = 0.22

   • The correct order of their coagulating power is:

     • a) I > II > III

     • b) II > I > III

     • c) III > II > I

     • d) III > I > II

   • Answer: c) III > II > I

8. Which of the following is the most effective in causing coagulation of ferric hydroxide solution?

   • a) KCl

   • b) KNO₃

   • c) K₂SO₄

   • d) K₃[Fe(CN)₆]

   • Answer: d) K₃[Fe(CN)₆]

9. The pair of compound which cannot exist together in solution is:

   • a) NaHCO₃ and NaOH

   • b) NaHCO₃ and H₂O

   • c) NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃

   • d) Na₂CO₃ and NaOH

   • Answer: a) NaHCO₃ and NaOH

10. Which of the following colloids cannot be easily coagulated?

    • a) Lyophobic colloids

    • b) Multimolecular colloids

    • c) Macromolecular colloids

    • d) Irreversible colloids

    • Answer: c) Macromolecular colloids

11. Gold sol can be prepared by:

    • a) Hydrolysis of gold (III) chloride

    • b) Oxidation of gold by aqua regia

    • c) Peptization

    • d) Reduction of gold (III) chloride with formalin solution

    • Answer: d) Reduction of gold (III) chloride with formalin solution

12. Which ion has least flocculation value for a positive sol?

    • a) [Fe(CN)₆]⁻⁴

    • b) Cl⁻

    • c) SO₄²⁻

    • d) PO₄³⁻

    • Answer: a) [Fe(CN)₆]⁻⁴

13. The gold numbers of A, B, C, and D are 0.04, 0.0002, 10 and 25 respectively. The protective powers of A, B, C, and D are in the order:

    • a) A > B > C > D

    • b) B > A > C > D

    • c) D > C > B > A

    • d) C > A > B > D

    • Answer: b) B > A > C > D

14. Which one of the following does not involve coagulation?

    • a) Formation of delta regions

    • b) Peptization

    • c) Treatment of drinking water by potash alum

    • d) Clotting of blood by the use of ferric chloride

    • Answer: b) Peptization

15. Coagulation is not done by:

    • a) Persistent dialysis

    • b) Boiling

    • c) Electrophoresis

    • d) Peptisation

    • Answer: d) Peptisation

16. Select the wrong statement:

    • a) If a very small amount of AlCl₃ is added to gold solution, coagulation occurs, but if a large quantity of AlCl₃ is added, there is no coagulation

    • b) Organic ions are more strongly absorbed on charged surface in comparison to inorganic ions

    • c) Both emulsifier and peptising agents stabilize colloidal but their actions are different

    • d) Colloidal solution are thermodynamically stable

    • Answer: a) If a very small amount of AlCl₃ is added to gold solution, coagulation occurs, but if a large quantity of AlCl₃ is added, there is no coagulation

17. Which is more powerful to coagulate the negative colloid?

    • a) ZnSO₄

    • b) Na₃PO₄

    • c) AlCl₃

    • d) K₄[Fe(CN)₆]

    • Answer: c) AlCl₃

18. Which of the following will be most effective in the coagulation of Fe(OH)₃ sol?

    • a) KCN

    • b) BaCl₂

    • c) NaCl

    • d) Mg₃(PO₄)₂

    • Answer: d) Mg₃(PO₄)₂

19. 20 mL of 0.02 M hypo solution is used for the titration of 10 mL of copper sulphate solution, in the presence of excess of KI using starch as an indicator. The molarity of Cu²⁺ is found to be ___ × 10⁻² M [nearest integer]

    • a) 2

    • b) 4

    • c) 6

    • d) 5

    • Answer: b) 4

20. The number of positively and negatively charged sols respectively in the following are TiO₂, blood, CdS, Cu, Ag, Clay, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃:

    • a) (5, 3)

    • b) (3, 5)

    • c) (6, 2)

    • d) (4, 4)

    • Answer: d) (4, 4)

21. Which of the following form an ideal solution?

    • a) Chloroethane and bromoethane

    • b) Benzene and toluene

    • c) n – Hexane and n – heptanes

    • d) Phenol and aniline

    • Answer: c) n – Hexane and n – heptanes

22. Which of the following statement is not correct for azeotropes?

    • a) At the point, the composition of a binary mixture is same as the composition in vapour phase

    • b) Minimum boiling azeotrope shows positive deviation from Raoult’s Law

    • c) Maximum boiling azeotrope shows positive deviation from Raoult’s Law

    • d) Nitric acid and H₂O can form maximum boiling azeotrope

    • Answer: c) Maximum boiling azeotrope shows positive deviation from Raoult’s Law

23. Which of the following mixtures show negative deviation from Raoult’s law?

    • a) CHCl₃ + (CH₃)₂CO

    • b) C₆H₅OH + C₆H₅NH₂

    • c) C₂H₅OH + (CH₃)₂CO

    • d) C₆H₆ + C₆H₅CH₃

    • Answer: a) CHCl₃ + (CH₃)₂CO