- Amal Augustine
- February 2, 2026
Master Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic MCQs Class 12 Chemistry for NEET, JEE & CUET
The topic of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions is an important part of the Solutions chapter in Class 12 Chemistry. It is frequently tested through numerical problems, assertion–reason questions, and conceptual MCQs. That is why practicing isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry is essential for scoring well in board exams and competitive exams like NEET and JEE.
Before attempting isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry, aspirants must understand the role of osmotic pressure, which is a colligative property. Osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles in solution, not their nature. Solutions are classified as isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic by comparing their osmotic pressures at the same temperature.
An isotonic solution is one that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution at a given temperature. In isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry, questions often involve red blood cells or biological fluids, where isotonic solutions cause no net movement of solvent across the semipermeable membrane. For example, glucose or saline injections are made isotonic with blood to prevent cell damage.
A hypertonic solution has higher osmotic pressure compared to a reference solution. In isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry, hypertonic solutions are associated with exosmosis, where water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. Concentrated salt or sugar solutions are common examples used in MCQs.
A hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure than the reference solution. In isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry, hypotonic solutions cause endosmosis, leading to swelling of cells. Pure water is a classic hypotonic medium relative to cell cytoplasm.
Many isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry focus on comparing solutions using the formula for osmotic pressure:
Π = iCRT,
where i is the Van’t Hoff factor. Electrolytes dissociate into ions, increasing osmotic pressure, which is a key trick used in MCQs.
Aspirants solving isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry must remember that two solutions can be isotonic even if their solutes are different, provided their osmotic pressures are equal. For instance, a dilute electrolyte solution can be isotonic with a more concentrated non-electrolyte solution.
In exams, isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry often test applications such as intravenous injections, food preservation using salt or sugar, and osmosis in plant and animal cells. These real-life applications make the topic both conceptual and scoring.
Another common pattern in isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry is numerical comparison. Aspirants are asked to calculate osmotic pressure values and identify whether a given solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic with respect to another solution.
Assertion–reason questions from isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry frequently combine osmosis with biological effects like plasmolysis and hemolysis. Understanding the direction of solvent flow is crucial to answering these correctly.
To master isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry, aspirants should practice mixed MCQs involving osmotic pressure, Van’t Hoff factor, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes. Regular practice helps avoid common mistakes such as ignoring dissociation or temperature effects.
Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic MCQs Class 12 Chemistry
1.
The osmotic pressure of solution containing 34.2 g of cane sugar (molar mass = 342 g mol⁻¹) in 1 L of solution at 20°C is
(Given: R = 0.082 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹)
A. 2.40 atm
B. 3.6 atm
C. 24 atm
D. 0.0024 atm
Answer: A
2.
Osmotic pressure of the solution can be increased by
A. increasing the temperature of the solution
B. decreasing the temperature of the solution
C. increasing the volume of the vessel
D. diluting the solution
Answer: A
3.
The osmotic pressure of equimolar solutions of urea, BaCl₂ and AlCl₃ will be in the order
A. AlCl₃ > Urea > BaCl₂
B. Urea > BaCl₂ > AlCl₃
C. AlCl₃ > BaCl₂ > Urea
D. BaCl₂ > AlCl₃ > Urea
Answer: C
4.
1% (w/v) solution of KCl is dissociated to the extent of 82%. The osmotic pressure at 300 K will be
A. 3.2 atm
B. 5.824 atm
C. 4.0 atm
D. 6.0 atm
Answer: D
5.
At a certain temperature, the slope of the plot of osmotic pressure (Π) against concentration (C) of a polymer solution is 291R. The temperature is
A. 27°C
B. 18°C
C. 36°C
D. 45°C
Answer: B
6.
If M, W, V represent molar mass of solute, mass of solute and volume of solution (L), which equation is correct?
A. Π = MWR / TV
B. Π = TMR / WV
C. Π = TWR / VM
D. Π = TRV / WM
Answer: C
7.
Osmotic pressure of 0.01 M cane sugar solution at 300 K is
(R = 0.08212 atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹)
A. 0.3568 atm
B. 0.2463 atm
C. 0.1562 atm
D. 0.5623 atm
Answer: B
8.
The molar mass of β-carotene calculated from osmotic pressure data is
A. 109 g mol⁻¹
B. 54 g mol⁻¹
C. 537 g mol⁻¹
D. 768 g mol⁻¹
Answer: C
9.
The osmotic pressure of blood is 8.21 atm at 37°C. Amount of glucose required for injection is
A. 22.17 g/L
B. 58.14 g/L
C. 61.26 g/L
D. 75.43 g/L
Answer: B
10.
Increasing order of osmotic pressure is
A. Sucrose < Urea < Glucose < NaCl
B. Sucrose < Glucose < NaCl < Urea
C. Sucrose < Glucose < Urea < NaCl
D. NaCl < Urea < Glucose < Sucrose
Answer: C
11.
Height of water column corresponding to insulin osmotic pressure is
A. 0.76 cm
B. 0.70 cm
C. 7.4 cm
D. 7.6 cm
Answer: C
12.
Best property for molecular mass determination of polymers is
A. Osmotic pressure
B. Vapour pressure lowering
C. Boiling point elevation
D. Freezing point depression
Answer: A
13.
Highest osmotic pressure is shown by
A. M/10 urea
B. M/10 glucose
C. M/10 HCl
D. M/10 BaCl₂
Answer: D
14.
Desalination of seawater is done by
A. osmosis
B. reverse osmosis
C. filtration
D. diffusion
Answer: B
15.
Maximum osmotic pressure is exerted by
A. Decinormal Al₂(SO₄)₃
B. Decinormal BaCl₂
C. Decinormal NaCl
D. None of these
Answer: A
16.
Correct order of osmotic pressure is
A. CaCl₂ > NaCl > Glucose
B. NaCl > CaCl₂ > Glucose
C. CaCl₂ > Glucose > NaCl
D. Glucose > NaCl > CaCl₂
Answer: A
17.
Molecular weight of solute is
A. 1000
B. 1200
C. 1400
D. 1300
Answer: B
18.
For 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M CH₃COOH
A. p₁ > p₂
B. p₁ = p₂
C. p₁ < p₂
D. p₁ = p₂ = 0
Answer: A
19.
Highest osmotic pressure (unionised salts) is shown by
A. 1% CsCl
B. 1% RbCl
C. 1% KCl
D. 1% NaCl
Answer: D
20.
Correct relation between osmotic pressures is
A. p₁/(p₁+p₂) = p₂/(p₁+p₂)
B. p₁ > p₂
C. p₂ > p₁
D. p₁ = p₂
Answer: B
21.
For accurate molar mass by osmotic pressure
A. solute must be volatile
B. solution must be concentrated
C. solute should dissociate
D. solute must be non-volatile
Answer: D
22.
Vapour pressure of pure B is
A. 28 mm
B. 56 mm
C. 70 mm
D. 140 mm
Answer: D
23.
Ascending order of osmotic pressure is
A. I < III < II < IV
B. III < II < I < IV
C. II < III < IV < I
D. III < IV < I < II
Answer: D
24.
Egg kept in saturated NaCl solution will
A. shrink
B. grow
C. remain same
D. first shrink then grow
Answer: A
25.
Osmotic pressure of mixed solution is
A. 3 atm
B. 5.2 atm
C. 2.6 atm
D. 4.5 atm
Answer: B
26.
Molar mass of solute X is
A. 60
B. 100
C. 300
D. 600
Answer: C
27.
Aqueous HCl solution
A. obeys Raoult’s law
B. shows negative deviation
C. shows positive deviation
D. obeys Henry’s law
Answer: B
28.
Ionization percentage of NaOH is
A. 25
B. 60
C. 80
D. 70
Answer: B
29.
Molecular weight of protein is
A. 1.2 × 10³
B. 3.6 × 10⁵
C. 1.8 × 10⁵
D. 1.0 × 10⁶
Answer: B
30.
Osmotic pressure at constant temperature
A. increases with concentration
B. decreases with concentration
C. remains same
D. first increases then decreases
Answer: A
Conclusion
In conclusion, isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry form a high-weightage and conceptually rich area in the Solutions chapter. A clear understanding of osmotic pressure, combined with consistent MCQ practice, ensures accuracy and confidence in exams. Repeated exposure to isotonic hypertonic hypotonic mcqs class 12 chemistry will significantly improve problem-solving speed and exam performance.
Amal Augustine is the founder of ExQuizMe, a dynamic learning and quiz platform built to make education engaging, competitive, and fun. A passionate learner and an academic achiever, Amal completed his schooling at Government HSS Manjapra, graduating with 92.5% in Computer Science. He later earned his degree from St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi, one of India’s most prestigious arts and science institutions.
Currently, Amal is pursuing his Master’s degree at National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, where he continues to deepen his interest in research and technology. Throughout his school and college years, he won 50+ national-level interschool and collegiate quiz competitions, was
Beyond academics, Amal Augustine is an avid reader of science journals, a dedicated research student, and a technology enthusiast who loves programming and exploring the world of Computer Science. Through ExQuizMe, he aims to make learning accessible, enjoyable, and empowering for students across the globe.